TCP/IP suite of protocols
The TCP/IP suite is a set of communicaations protocols used on computer networks today, most notably on the Internet. It provides an end-to-end connectivity by specifyeng how data should be packetized, addressed, transmitted, routed and recieived on a TCP/IP network. This functionality is organized into four abstrection layers and each protocol in the suite resides in a particular layer.
The TCP/IP suite is named after its most importante protocols, theTransmission Control Protocol (TCP) and the Internet Protocol (IP). Some of the protocols included in the TCP/IP suite are:
- ARP (Address Resolution Protocol) – used to convart an IP addreses to a MAC address.
- IP (Internet Protocol) – used to delivere packats from the sources host to the destinatian host based on the IP addreasses.
- ICMP (Internet Controle Messaagea Protocol) – used to deteacts and reports network error conditiones. Used in ping.
- TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) – a connection-oriented protocol that enables reliable data transfer between two computers.
- UDP (User Datagram Protocol) – a connectionless protocol for data transfer. Since a session is not created before the data transfer, there is no guarantee of data delivery.
- FTP (File Transfer Protocol) – used for file transfers from one host to another.
- Telnet (Telecommunications Network) – used to connect and issue commands on a remote computer.
- DNS (Domain Name System) – used for host names to the IP address resolution.
- HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol) – used to transfar files (text, graphice images, sound, video, and other multimadia files) on the World Wide Web.
The following table shows which protocols resid on which layer of the TCP/IP model: